How to Format Your Paper Using Wiseessays

How to Format Your Paper Using WiseessaysPaper Wiseessays is actually a great tool to have if you write a lot of essays and need some extra material to give you a structure for your thoughts. A regular essay should follow some basic rules, but doing it using Wiseessays will give you a very structured and very organized way to write a paper. They can also help you think about certain points while writing your paper.A normal essay is not always the best choice when it comes to formatting the paper. Because there are so many choices in word processors, it is often better to choose a certain format that is more specific to your topic. For example, if you are writing about journalism, make sure that your paper is formatted with the blocks of text for the most common types of journalism, such as newspaper or magazine articles.Your Wiseessays may come in one of three types: flat, condensed and bulleted. A flat Wiseessay is usually very readable and easy to read. This means that you only hav e to read your paper once and it is already formatted, so you can read it again without worrying about repeating yourself.A more structured version of this type of paper is a bulleted Wiseessay. Bulleted paper is a sheet of paper that is arranged like a list of topics, events or individuals. You can think of it as the perfect place to put information about each topic. For example, if you want to write about the importance of statistics in every aspect of life, you can start the paper with statistics.Then, you can include other elements related to your topic. These may be anything from a little bit of information about the person or thing that you want to mention. You could also include a little bit of information about the statistical studies that prove that statistics can be very important to certain situations. You might also want to list down an outline of your paper so that you can keep it organized.Bulleted paper is great for describing the different aspects of a certain subjec t because it makes it easier to see the subject in your paper. Plus, you don't have to worry about forgetting what part of the paper is the main point. The bulleted Wiseessay will keep you from getting into a big messy mess later on.This type of paper is a great way to organize your paper, making it easier to keep organized. It also makes it easier to turn the paper into an outline of your paper, so it will stay organized and give you easy access to all the information that you want to use in your paper.

Writing For Change The World - 900 Words

Writing is Stupid This is stupid! Why do we even have to write essays, what’s the point? How do I even start this? That is what my writing and thought process consist of. I complain and procrastinate until the last minute, that’s why this is being done the night before the due date. I’m just like many other students according to Gary Goshgarian introduction to Anne Lamott’s article, â€Å"Getting Started†, whose â€Å"biggest writing challenge is simply getting started† (Goshgarian, 94). Along with many of my other challenges with writing, I formed the habit of trying to impress my readers with big words instead of just getting to the point? Richer Lederer stated in his article, â€Å"The Case of Short Words† that the strength, grace, and charm of small words tend to be overlooked by bigger words (Lederer, 104). What does writing do for me, what is the reason for my writing? Mary Pipher’s article, â€Å"Writing to Change the World† answere d these questions for me. Writing can impact you readers in ways we may not know. All of these articles provide me with the answers to my question. Writing is a powerful tool used to get a message and argument across; you just have to start writing and it is anything but stupid. The only thing holding me back from writing an essay is trying to figure out how to start it. With me, essays have to be a perfect art work, with a brilliant beginning and a polished finish. Formatting this artwork however, has proven to be as difficult â€Å"as bathing a cat† (Lamott, 95).Show MoreRelatedThe Importance Of Digital Writing1613 Words   |  7 PagesDo you text or post on social media? Most people don’t know, but, that is digital writing. You may have thought that it was more advanced and had certain requirements to be considered digital writing, however any writing that can be accessed online or on a computer is categorized as digital writing. The method plays a large role in classrooms, business offices, doctor’s offices, and the list goes on and on. Now, in our digital age, it’s becoming harder and harder to find someone who doesnt ownRead More Blogs - Blogging for Change Essay1511 Words   |  7 PagesBlogging for Change History itself has always fundamentally been encompassed by the history of writing. Before writing there was no history, but ever since then writing has shaped it in complicated and far reaching ways. The progression of writing, from simply a method of counting left to the elites in society to a universal communication system that allows people to share and explain ideas, has had tremendous historical implications. With the invention of the computer, came the InternetRead MoreHow Writing Is Changing Society988 Words   |  4 Pagesthe world if writing was not involved. People all around the world send emails, texts, and letter to numerous amounts of individuals each second. Talking on the phone is slowly becoming a thing of the past while the writing side of technology is taking over. The meaning of writing is changing in society. Writing used to be specifically for academics or the occasional letter to a loved one. As time has passed writing has taken more forms and more meanin gs. In the world we live in now writing is classifiedRead MoreThe Post American World, by Fareed Zakaria and The World is Flat, by Thomas Friedman817 Words   |  4 Pagesthat the world around us is changing technologically, politically, and economically. In â€Å"The Last Superpower† an excerpt from the book The Post American World by Fareed Zakaria published in 2008. Zakaria emphasizes on these changes. Thomas Friedman the author of â€Å"The World is Flat† a piece from the book The World is Flat: A brief history of the twenty-first century published in 2005 also emphasizes on the same changes currently happening in the world. Zakaria and Friedman define these changes as globalizationRead MoreSociety s Ideal Of Beauty1037 Words   |  5 Pagesexactly the person we are. Instead of constantly shredding us to pieces, and constantly molding society into a perfect world with perfect people, why aren’t we good enough as is. Everyone wants change, yet no one seems to try and change anything. Why are people accepting the fact that society is changing us physically, mentally, emotionally every day of our lives? Change, change, change, society is constantly changing. A two- faced society is the one we live in. Society is like a person itself. SocietyRead MoreLiteracy, The Ability Of Reading And Writing1503 Words   |  7 PagesLiteracy Literacy, the ability of reading and writing plays a very crucial role in an individual’s life and society. A literate individual can make the positive changes in society with his ability. I believe literacy is not only being able to read and write but to make the positive impacts by his understandings. It enables us on how we perceive what is and understand things around us. My experience of reading and writing over the years has developed and enhanced my perception and thinking abilityRead MoreThe Era Of Modernism : What People Do People Perceive Through Their Perceptions?945 Words   |  4 Pagesreading modern literature, the writing in such an art shows that reality is what people perceive through their perceptions. The era of Modernism was a time of great progression and innovation that set the foundation for the present day literature, redefining how readers read and writers wrote literature. During the earlier years of Modernism, T.S. Eliot, Virginia Woolf, and Dylan T homas established the foundations for modern literature, defining Modernism for the world. Although Modernism is veryRead MoreUnderstanding Lord Byron The Romantic Period1386 Words   |  6 PagesRevolution. â€Å"England was the first nation in the world to experience the effects of the Industrial Revolution† (Henry 527). Instead of products being made by hand, they were being made now by machines. Homes of people were being used for industries. The people most affected were those of the lower class. No one cared about them. People were ignoring the changes in the world. Romantics wanted to show the world that these changes were negative changes. The writers during the Romantic Period wanted toRead More The Changing Roles of the Reader and Writer in the Literature1437 Words   |  6 PagesRoles of the Reader and Writer in the Literature The continuing emergence of innovative writing technologies allows people to express themselves and communicate in countless different ways from years past. With these new technologies comes a change in many of our learning and social traditions. The most important change is the metamorphosis taking place in the online literary world. The line between author and reader has become blurred as more and more technology-driven literatureRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1651 Words   |  7 Pages Modernism is a philosophical movement that came along with cultural trends and changes. It is an international movement in European and American art, literature, and culture. It started from wide scale and far reaching transformations in Western society in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. World War 1 is often seen as a starting event of Modernism. The devastation of Western Civilization in the great war accelerated and strengthened Modernist thinking. Modernism was the most influential

Ladylikeness empowering or demeaning Free Essays

Ladyfingers can be empowering or demeaning depending on the woman and the circumstance. Ladyfingers can be empowering for women by helping them be more gentle and fruitful in everyday life. Ladyfingers can cause a woman who is more of the calm type to be demeaned, disrespected and dismissed. We will write a custom essay sample on Ladylikeness empowering or demeaning or any similar topic only for you Order Now Women become more aggressive and assertive because they don’t want to be treated unfairly and women taken serious. Most women who are successful and acknowledged in society today display strength. A definition of â€Å"ladyfingers† is â€Å"lacking in strength, force, or virility’. Ladyfingers for a â€Å"Woman M† who is rough, destructive, vulgar and violent would be empowering. She will be empowered by being more gentle and fruitful in everyday life. For example, this woman being more nurturing toward her children and taking time to listen and understand before acting on impulse. Ladyfingers for a â€Å"Woman N† who is meek, gentle, weak and pleasant would not be demeaning until she tries to stand up for a belief or position. Woman N will be demeaned by being discouraged and falling short of her position. The more timid she is the easier it is for people to shun her and her ideas. The more she is shot down people will look at her less seriously. The more people see how weak she is they will be comfortable with dismissing her. A definition of â€Å"demean† Is â€Å"to lower character, status, or reputation†. There are many things that can lower character, status, or reputation. For example, a loss of wages, a loss of respect, a loss of a position, etc. Ladyfingers should not demean a woman. I am assuming the word â€Å"lady’ In the word â€Å"ladyfingers† Implies that ladyfingers Is safe for women. Therefore, a woman being ladylike should not be lowered in character, status or reputation. If a lady can be ladylike without negative percussion, then who can? The definition of â€Å"ladyfingers† Implies that being feminine and resilient cannot co-exalts together In one woman. The main reason ladyfingers raises a concern for women Is because women don’t want to be treated unfairly and women want to be heard. The women In society today who are successful In their craft are assertive and aggressive. Women who are aggressive and assertive may be Intimidating but they are the women who made It out of the shadows and Into a spotlight. All women need strength to be Independent and sufficient at what Is required of them In their dally lives Ladyfingers can be empowering or demeaning depending on the woman and the circumstance. Ladyfingers raises concern for women. Therefore, ladyfingers raises a concern for women. Ladyfingers Is empowering for women Like ‘Woman M† but causes â€Å"Woman N† to become put down overtime. According to the definitions women who are successful today are not ladylike and this Is fine. These women combated what was against them In such a way that they accomplished their goals and get where they wanted to be. However, women should be able to be ladylike without worrying about being treated unfairly, overlooked and disrespected. Dillydallies empowering or demeaning By lady dismissing her. A definition of â€Å"demean† is â€Å"to lower character, status, or reputation†. Mean a woman. I am assuming the word â€Å"lady’ in the word â€Å"ladyfingers† implies that ladyfingers is safe for women. Therefore, a woman being ladylike should not be repercussion, then who can? The definition of â€Å"ladyfingers† implies that being feminine and resilient cannot co-exist together in one woman. The main reason ladyfingers raises a concern for women is because women don’t want to be treated unfairly and women want to be heard. The women in society today who are successful in their craft are assertive and aggressive. Women who are aggressive and assertive may be intimidating but they are the women who made it out of the shadows and into a spotlight. All women need strength to be independent and sufficient at what is required of them in their daily lives Ladyfingers can be women. Ladyfingers is empowering for women like â€Å"Woman M† but causes â€Å"Woman N† to become put down overtime. According to the definitions women who are successful today are not ladylike and this is fine. These women combated what was against them in such a way that they accomplished their goals and get where they How to cite Ladylikeness empowering or demeaning, Papers

Ladylikeness empowering or demeaning Free Essays

Ladyfingers can be empowering or demeaning depending on the woman and the circumstance. Ladyfingers can be empowering for women by helping them be more gentle and fruitful in everyday life. Ladyfingers can cause a woman who is more of the calm type to be demeaned, disrespected and dismissed. We will write a custom essay sample on Ladylikeness empowering or demeaning or any similar topic only for you Order Now Women become more aggressive and assertive because they don’t want to be treated unfairly and women taken serious. Most women who are successful and acknowledged in society today display strength. A definition of â€Å"ladyfingers† is â€Å"lacking in strength, force, or virility’. Ladyfingers for a â€Å"Woman M† who is rough, destructive, vulgar and violent would be empowering. She will be empowered by being more gentle and fruitful in everyday life. For example, this woman being more nurturing toward her children and taking time to listen and understand before acting on impulse. Ladyfingers for a â€Å"Woman N† who is meek, gentle, weak and pleasant would not be demeaning until she tries to stand up for a belief or position. Woman N will be demeaned by being discouraged and falling short of her position. The more timid she is the easier it is for people to shun her and her ideas. The more she is shot down people will look at her less seriously. The more people see how weak she is they will be comfortable with dismissing her. A definition of â€Å"demean† Is â€Å"to lower character, status, or reputation†. There are many things that can lower character, status, or reputation. For example, a loss of wages, a loss of respect, a loss of a position, etc. Ladyfingers should not demean a woman. I am assuming the word â€Å"lady’ In the word â€Å"ladyfingers† Implies that ladyfingers Is safe for women. Therefore, a woman being ladylike should not be lowered in character, status or reputation. If a lady can be ladylike without negative percussion, then who can? The definition of â€Å"ladyfingers† Implies that being feminine and resilient cannot co-exalts together In one woman. The main reason ladyfingers raises a concern for women Is because women don’t want to be treated unfairly and women want to be heard. The women In society today who are successful In their craft are assertive and aggressive. Women who are aggressive and assertive may be Intimidating but they are the women who made It out of the shadows and Into a spotlight. All women need strength to be Independent and sufficient at what Is required of them In their dally lives Ladyfingers can be empowering or demeaning depending on the woman and the circumstance. Ladyfingers raises concern for women. Therefore, ladyfingers raises a concern for women. Ladyfingers Is empowering for women Like ‘Woman M† but causes â€Å"Woman N† to become put down overtime. According to the definitions women who are successful today are not ladylike and this Is fine. These women combated what was against them In such a way that they accomplished their goals and get where they wanted to be. However, women should be able to be ladylike without worrying about being treated unfairly, overlooked and disrespected. Dillydallies empowering or demeaning By lady dismissing her. A definition of â€Å"demean† is â€Å"to lower character, status, or reputation†. Mean a woman. I am assuming the word â€Å"lady’ in the word â€Å"ladyfingers† implies that ladyfingers is safe for women. Therefore, a woman being ladylike should not be repercussion, then who can? The definition of â€Å"ladyfingers† implies that being feminine and resilient cannot co-exist together in one woman. The main reason ladyfingers raises a concern for women is because women don’t want to be treated unfairly and women want to be heard. The women in society today who are successful in their craft are assertive and aggressive. Women who are aggressive and assertive may be intimidating but they are the women who made it out of the shadows and into a spotlight. All women need strength to be independent and sufficient at what is required of them in their daily lives Ladyfingers can be women. Ladyfingers is empowering for women like â€Å"Woman M† but causes â€Å"Woman N† to become put down overtime. According to the definitions women who are successful today are not ladylike and this is fine. These women combated what was against them in such a way that they accomplished their goals and get where they How to cite Ladylikeness empowering or demeaning, Papers

To Sleep is a speakers direct address to personified sleep Essay Example For Students

To Sleep is a speakers direct address to personified sleep Essay Consisting of 14 lines that are to be separated into threee quatrains and one couplet, it seems to correspond to the form of the English sonnet. Yet, the rhyme scheme suggests that this poem is a variation of a sonnste, caused by a deviation from the rule. The first two quatrains contribute to the sonnet- form,while there is a break before the third quatrain, which is indicated by a changeinthe rhyme scheme, but may also be seen in contents. In the speakers address of something that isnot a thing, but only exists on a higher level, and is more of a state, this poem may be classified a s a hymn or an ode, which is implied by the frequent use of imperatives. The idea of a hymn is even explicitly suggested in the poem itself, when the speaker classifies his address as such in the second line of the second quatrain. It is significant that it seems as if the speaker had given his speech completely out of hand and had passed it to his addressee. We will write a custom essay on To Sleep is a speakers direct address to personified sleep specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now It is not his anymore, but thine (II,2), i. e.the Sleeps. This indicates that the speaker is willingto give everythingto his addressee- maybe even himself, which is what he would do by falling asleep. This would them mean giving also himself away, devoting hiswhole self to his addressee. Nevertheless there seems to be some deep, underlying, indefineable fear withing the speaker. He seems to be unable to just go to bed, close his eyes and sleep. He has to communicate withm the power that is about to tak over, first: there seems to be a deep fear of this unknown, inexplicablecondition he is about to enter. He has to address it in order to lose his fear. He tries to overcome this by personalising the abstract state of sleep, ascribing careful fingers (I,2) and human attributes like benign (I,2) and even will and reason to him, in saying if it please thee (II,1). Because of the indication that his speech will be followed by an Amen(II,3),it may beassumed that the speaker is praying, which would then change the statusof sleep. Since a prayer is usually addressed to God, Sleep itself would then be moved into a god-like position. The description as soothest (II,1), soft (I,1) and the embalmer of the still midnight (I,1) would contribute to this view, an underlyinggod-awe in the sense of fearing God, as well as the assumption that God may be seen as an unknown, inexplicable power would explain the spaekers underlying feelings. This would then allude to several levels. First of all, the speaker is tired and wants to sleep, then again he is afraid of what might happen to him when he gives himself away to the unknown power of sleep. He seems to feel as if he gave all his power and control out of his own hands and passed it on to something or even someone else, who, in his imagination, can be no one but God himself. He therefore addressed God in his prayer and equals him with sleep. A deep god-awe doesn then explain the speakers submissive tone and his repeated request to save me (III,1; III,2). When the speaker begins the third quatrain with this pledge, he again enters another level. The necessity of being saved indicates being in danger or fear, which the speaker in this quatrain admits being. Surprisingly enough, he admits that he does not fear night or darkness, but the passed day (III,1), which gives room for the assumption that the speaker is torn- by inner conflicts or outer conditions. Wanting to be saved from the days woes (III,2), he seems to be longing for night, hoping to find salvation in darkness, which he already indicated in the beginning, describing his eyes as gloom-pleased (I,3) and embowered from the light (I,3). .u26c021b696785e9ebcf6e9138c91b97a , .u26c021b696785e9ebcf6e9138c91b97a .postImageUrl , .u26c021b696785e9ebcf6e9138c91b97a .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u26c021b696785e9ebcf6e9138c91b97a , .u26c021b696785e9ebcf6e9138c91b97a:hover , .u26c021b696785e9ebcf6e9138c91b97a:visited , .u26c021b696785e9ebcf6e9138c91b97a:active { border:0!important; } .u26c021b696785e9ebcf6e9138c91b97a .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u26c021b696785e9ebcf6e9138c91b97a { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u26c021b696785e9ebcf6e9138c91b97a:active , .u26c021b696785e9ebcf6e9138c91b97a:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u26c021b696785e9ebcf6e9138c91b97a .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u26c021b696785e9ebcf6e9138c91b97a .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u26c021b696785e9ebcf6e9138c91b97a .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u26c021b696785e9ebcf6e9138c91b97a .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u26c021b696785e9ebcf6e9138c91b97a:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u26c021b696785e9ebcf6e9138c91b97a .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u26c021b696785e9ebcf6e9138c91b97a .u26c021b696785e9ebcf6e9138c91b97a-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u26c021b696785e9ebcf6e9138c91b97a:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: In Donne's Poetry the Religious and the Erotic are Dangerously EssayStill, this address To Sleep shows that he os hesitating and still afrain to take the last, decisive step and enter darkness by closing his eyesand thusgive himself away to the powers of sleep to let it take over. In the concluding couplet the speaker then seems to have overcome doubt and fear and made his decision. He allows sleep to take over and even assists him, having oiled the wards (IV,1). The casket(IV,2) of his soul is now hushed (IV,2), he is calm, peaceful and ready to give himself away. Considering that the casket (IV,2) may also be seen as a coffin, the couplet- dominating peacefulness also hints at another level that may be included as well: Having seen Sleep as a symbol of God, considering the couplet, this might even go further and lead to the suspicionthat Sleep, being so powerful might not just be any kind, but eternal sleep: death. This might also explain the speakers attitude as well as his hesitation. Hes waiting for the poppy (II,3), which is also the source of a drug that may be used for medicine, to throw ist lulling charities (II,4) around his bed. A hint at an illness from which the speaker might be suffering, leading to his imminent death. He might therefore even be yearning for death, seeing that his time has come. But for although in this situation, death might be salvation, the speaker is still afraid, so that he tries to pass the last responsibility for making the final decision to someone else, offering if so it please thee (II,1). He has seen enough, his eyes are already embowed from the light (I,3), but there are still doubts, which is why he tries to play for time in the first two quatrains. He might be addressing sleep in order to give himself time to think if he is really ready to go, just as he needs to take his time overcoming his fear. Nevertheless this does not mean thatthe speaker expects anything negative to come. He knows that what is to come is a logical conclusion, which is why it seems as if he had made up his mind from the very beginning. In fact, it was just not for him to decide, there was nothing he could possibly have done. He therefore only tried to think it over in order to lose his fear, knowing that in the end, sleep would come- no matter what. In the time remaining he then tried to do the only thing that could have been done- accepting the situation and find peace. Because of its pledging tone, the third quatrain may therefore be seen as a last desperate effort, considering all possible sides, before finally making the decision- giving in and taking the last decisive step which is letting go.

All About the Eighth Amendment to the US Constitution

All About the Eighth Amendment to the US Constitution The Eighth Amendment reads:   Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted. Why Bail is Crucial Defendants who are not released on bail have greater difficulty preparing their defenses. Theyre effectively punished with imprisonment until their time of trial. Decisions regarding bail should not be made lightly. Bail is set extremely high or sometimes denied entirely when a defendant is charged with an extremely serious offense and/or if he poses a flight risk or great potential danger to the community. But in the majority of criminal trials, bail should be available and affordable. Its All About the Benjamins Civil libertarians tend to overlook fines, but the matter is not insignificant in a capitalist system. By their very nature, fines are anti-egalitarian. A $25,000 fine levied against an extremely wealthy defendant might only impact his discretionary income. A $25,000 fine levied against a less wealthy defendant can potentially have a long-term effect on basic medical care, educational opportunities, transportation and food security. Most convicts are poor so the issue of excessive fines is central to our criminal justice system. Cruel and Unusual The most frequently cited part of the Eighth Amendment deals with its prohibition against cruel and unusual punishment, but what does this mean in practical terms?   Dont ask the founding fathers:  The Crimes Act of 1790 mandates the death penalty for treason and it also mandates mutilation of the corpse. By contemporary standards, corpse mutilation would certainly be regarded as cruel and unusual. Floggings were also common at the time of the Bill of Rights, but today floggings would be regarded as cruel and unusual. The Eighth Amendment is more clearly affected by societal change than any other amendment in the Constitution because the very nature of the phrase cruel and unusual appeals to evolving societal standards.Torture and prison conditions: The Eighth Amendment certainly prohibits the torture of U.S. citizens in a contemporary context although torture is generally used as an interrogation method, not as an official form of punishment. Inhumane prison conditions also violate the Eighth Amendment even though they dont constitute part of the official sentence. In other words, the Eighth Amendment refers to de facto punishments whether the y are officially handed down as punishments or not. The death penalty: The U.S. Supreme Court found that the death penalty, which was applied capriciously and on a racially discriminatory basis, violated the Eighth Amendment in Furman v. Georgia in 1972. These death penalties are cruel and unusual, Justice Potter Stewart wrote in the majority opinion, in the same way that being struck by lightning is cruel and unusual. The death penalty was reinstated in 1976 after serious revisions were made.Specific methods of execution prohibited:  The death penalty is legal, but not all methods of enforcing it are. Some, such as crucifixion and death by stoning, are obviously unconstitutional. Others, such as the gas chamber, have been declared unconstitutional by courts. And still others, such as hanging and death by a firing squad, have not been regarded as unconstitutional but are no longer in common use.The lethal injection controversy: The State of Florida declared a moratorium on lethal injection and a de facto moratorium on the death pena lty as a whole after reports that Angel Diaz was essentially tortured to death during a botched execution. Lethal injection in humans is not simply a matter of putting the defendant to sleep. It involves three drugs. The strong sedative effect of the first is intended to prevent the excruciating effects of the latter two.

The Large, Meat-Eating Dinosaurs

The Large, Meat-Eating Dinosaurs Few issues in paleontology are as confusing as the classification of theropodsthe bipedal, mostly carnivorous dinosaurs that evolved from archosaurs during the late Triassic period and persisted until the end of the Cretaceous (when the dinosaurs went extinct). The problem is, theropods were extremely numerous, and at a distance of 100 million years, it can be hard to distinguish one genus from another based on fossil evidence, much less to determine their evolutionary relationships.   For this reason, the way paleontologists classify theropods is in a state of constant flux. So, Im going to add fuel to the Jurassic fire by creating my own informal sorting system. Ive already addressed tyrannosaurs, raptors, therizinosaurs, ornithomimids and dino-birdsthe more evolved theropods of the Cretaceous periodin separate articles on this site. This piece will mostly discuss the big theropods (excluding tyrannosaurs and raptors) that Ive dubbed the saurs: allosaurs, ceratosaurs, carnosaurs, and abelisaurs, to name just four sub-classifications. Here are brief descriptions of the classifications of large theropods currently in (or out of) vogue: Abelisaurs. Sometimes included under the ceratosaur umbrella (see below), abelisaurs were characterized by their large sizes, short arms, and (in a few genera) horned and crested heads. What makes the abelisaurs a useful group is that they all lived on the southern supercontinent of Gondwana, hence the numerous fossil remains found in South America and Africa. The most notable abelisaurs were Abelisaurus (of course), Majungatholus and Carnotaurus. Allosaurs. It probably wont seem very helpful, but paleontologists define an allosaur as any theropod more closely related to Allosaurus than to any other dinosaur (a system that applies equally well to all the theropod groups listed below; just substitute Ceratosaurus, Megalosaurus, etc.) In general, allosaurs had large, ornate heads, threes of allosaurs include Carcharodontosaurus, Giganotosaurus, and the huge Spinosaurus. Carnosaurs. Confusingly, the carnosaurs (Greek for flesh-eating lizards) includes the allosaurs, above, and is sometimes taken to embrace the megalosaurs (below) as well. The definition of an allosaur pretty much applies to a carnosaur, though this broader group includes such relatively small (and sometimes feathered) predators as Sinraptor, Fukuiraptor, and Monolophosaurus. (Oddly enough, as yet theres no genus of dinosaur named Carnosaurus!) Ceratosaurs. This designation of theropods is in even greater flux than the others on this list. Today, the ceratosaurs are defined as early, horned theropods related to (but not ancestral to) later, more evolved theropods like tyrannosaurs. The two most famous ceratosaurs are Dilophosaurus and, you guessed it, Ceratosaurus. Megalosaurs. Of all the groups on this list, megalosaurs are the oldest and least respected. This is because, early in the 19th century, pretty much every new carnivorous dinosaur was assumed to be a megalosaur, Megalosaurus being the first theropod ever officially named (before the word theropod was even coined). Today, megalosaurs are rarely invoked, and when they are, its usually as a subgroup of carnosaurs alongside the allosaurs. Tetanurans. This is one of those groups thats so all-inclusive as to be practically meaningless; taken literally, it includes everything from carnosaurs to tyrannosaurs to modern birds. Some paleontologists consider the first tetanuran (the word means stiff tail) to have been Cryolophosaurus, one of the few dinosaurs to be discovered in modern Antarctica. The Behavior of Large Theropods As with all carnivores, the main consideration driving the behavior of large theropods like allosaurs and abelisaurs was the availability of prey. As a rule, carnivorous dinosaurs were much less common than herbivorous dinosaurs (since it requires a large population of herbivores to feed a smaller population of carnivores). Since some of the  hadrosaurs  and  sauropods  of the  Jurassic  and  Cretaceous  periods grew to extreme sizes, its reasonable to conclude that even the bigger theropods learned to hunt in packs of at least two or three members. One major topic of debate is whether large theropods actively hunted their prey, or feasted on already dead carcasses. Although this debate has crystallized around  Tyrannosaurus Rex, it has ramifications for smaller predators like  Allosaurus  and  Carcharodontosaurus  as well. Today, the weight of the evidence appears to be that theropod dinosaurs (like most carnivores) were opportunistic: they chased down juvenile sauropods when they had the chance, but wouldnt turn up their noses at a huge  Diplodocus  that died of old age. Hunting in packs was one form of theropod socialization, at least for some genera; another may have been  raising young. The evidence is sparse at best, but its possible that larger theropods protected their newborns for the first couple of years, until they were big enough not to attract the attention of other hungry carnivores. (However, its also possible that some theropod kids were left to fend for themselves from birth!). Finally, one aspect of theropod behavior that has received a lot of attention in the popular media is cannibalism. Based on the discovery of the bones of some carnivores (such as  Majungasaurus) bearing the tooth marks of adults of the same genus, its believed that some theropods may have cannibalized their own kind. Despite what youve seen on TV, though, its much more likely that the average allosaur ate its already-dead family members rather than actively hunting them down for an easy meal!